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The study analysis was carried out by collecting and analyzing information about the education system in Indonesia and Australia. Data collection methods are books, the internet, and journals. This paper aims to explain and analyze differences in educational systems and comparing the basic education curricula in Indonesia and Australia. Because each country has a unique system, it is necessary to compare the education system in Indonesia to that of other countries in order to assess and evaluate it. All aspects of learning must be regulated by the educational system.

The education system is a method for directing the educational process.

Despite having poor classroom conditions for learning and low teacher qualifications, teachers continue to retain low achieving students due to their beliefs that grade retention improves students‟ learning. This study suggests that classroom conditions need to be improved, and teachers‟ qualifications need to be upgraded in order to increase student learning while reducing grade retention. Analysis of data that were collected by using semi-structure interviews and studying documents relating to the practice of grade retention revealed that grade retention has been inconsistently practised amongst the participating schools in Timor-Leste. Teachers‟ beliefs about grade retention, their efforts to prevent students from being retained, and factors that may inhibit students‟ learning are explored. Six teachers and four principals from six primary schools in two districts participated in this study.

A qualitative case study was use to investigate the mechanisms teachers use to retain or promote a student. This study investigates rationales behind grade retention practice in grade 1 primary education in Timor-Leste. Grade retention has always been practised in primary education in Timor-Leste.

Grade retention is the practice of requiring a student who has been in a given grade level for a full school year to remain at that same grade level the following year (Jimerson, 2001 Owings & Kaplan, 2001 Wynn, 2010).

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